Immunology of Coronavirus
In patients with COVID-19, white blood cell count may vary between leukopenia, leukocytosis, and lymphopenia, although lymphopenia is more common. In particular, an increase in the number of lymphocytes in COVID-19 was associated with increased disease severity. Lymphopenia and low lymphocyte counts indicate poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. The causes and mechanisms of lymphopenia in Kovid-19 patients are unknown but SARS-like viral cells and SARS-CoV RNA were found in T cells, indicating the direct effect of SARS virus on T cells by apoptosis. During SARS-CoV infection, antigen-presenting cell (APC) function is altered and priming of T cells decreases as a result of impaired DC migration.
The immune response to viral infections:
- Innate immune response
- Adaptive immune response
- T-cells (cellular response)
- B-cells (antibody response)
After infection, T and B-cells degenerate, but some "memory" cells enable a more rapid response. The virus was encountered a second time.
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